Devcathlon difficulties

These last few days were supposed to involve designing and implementing a mock-up prototype for the proposed Devcathlon system's user interface. Unfortunately I had a lot of difficulty wrapping my head around the scope of the project, as well as organizing my schedule in order to get the needed hours in. While things seemed like they were off to a good start, my contribution to the current mock-up is very minimal. All of the files in the mockup1 directory were done by my other team members, Anthony Du and Daniel Arakaki.

Design meetings

Initially I felt that the team was off to a good start, though I was a bit confused in our initial direction. I couldn't seem to understand whether we needed to be creating our own implementation of rules, or following those initially discussed on our ICS 414 discussion. Nevertheless, our team met on Wednesday and Friday and went over a number of use cases and implemented several pages based on some sample html. The basic design we came up together and individually called for at least the following pages:

• Home page with login, registration, help, and public viewing links
• Registration page collecting user name, email information, privacy options
• A private personal profile page to manage settings, view associated projects and teams, and start new projects
• A public personal profile page where other users can view selected information
• A private project profile page where a project manager or "gamemaster" can add members, setup teams, set privacy settings, choose events to track and their point values, create custom events, award special points, and mark a match as complete
• A public (read only) project profile for public users to view information on a project
• A page to define customized events that aren't within the scope of the basic event tracking
• A scoreboard page with a listing of current and completed projects
• Links on the main scoreboard page would lead to project scoreboard page would list scores be broken down by teams
• Team links would list scores by individual members, which would link to the member profile pages
• Pages with information and links to help users get acquainted with Devcathlon

We got several of these pieces done as a group on Friday and broke apart some of the remaining tasks to be worked on, however I never managed to make any progress on creating a custom event page or working out a good system of help pages.

Points unawarded

To help get a feel for what Devcathlon is all about, we were supposed to track our development using Hackystat and simple notes. However this definitely didn't go as planned, at least for me. My recent computer reformat left me with a lot of trouble even getting Eclipse back to where it was to do any sort of tracking through that sensor. In the end I didn't do any commits personally, so a mountain of negative points there. As a team, we didn't define and use any issue tracking either. As a mock-up, there wasn't a whole lot to track as tests, coverage, builds, coupling, and complexity really weren't involved. We had a couple of team meetings, of which I have various notes, but not what I would really call minutes.

Conclusions

Devcathlon is off to a rather rocky start for me, mostly as a result of personal confusion and difficulties. Unfortunately my team also suffers as a result of this, for which I definitely feel bad for letting them down. Definitely hoping to figure things out soon and get things back on track. I know I've got lots of ideas for the project, safely written in my always-present notebook. I just need to work on getting them off of paper and into the public domain!

Productive gaming: what if your boss wanted you to play games at work?

If you asked high school and college computer science students what they want to do, I'd wager that a great number, probably a lot more than the industry can support, have at one time or another said, "I want to make video games." Of those, many don't know just what is involved, and very few will go into that multi-billion dollar industry and get that chance. I certainly wouldn't say no to the right opportunity to join in. When I started at my currently place of employment as a student programmer, I had to learn an "ancient" language I'd never heard of before: M or MUMPS. After some light reading, the first thing I started work on to get comfortable with the language was to create a text- and keyboard-based version of "minesweeper" using M. Random mine placement, recursive safe-spot clearing, boundry limits, and all that good stuff. Though I never got it to what I would brand as "production ready," I learned a lot and my co-workers were impressed. To me, engineering is often about solving puzzles, and solving puzzles to create a puzzle game fit me well.

Devcathlon

Now I'm getting another chance to create a game system, but on a larger and more serious scale. As part of the second semester in my software engineering course at UH Manoa my professor, Dr. Philip Johnson, has proposed the creation of a produtivity game called Devcathlon, inspired by the developement game and a Hudson continuous integration plugin. The idea is to link the Devcathlon a game system into the Hackystat monitoring system and award (or take away) individual and team points based on good (and bad) software development practices such as creating unit testing, committing verified code, doing code reviews, and other principles. The goal is to create a game system that is motivation, fun, and productive. It would have foster both competition and collaboration, be fair, be challenging and rewarding, and be fun without being distracting. To achieve these goals requires knowledge of just what aspects of games can be used to create such an environment. Games draw from many different areas to create an enjoyable experience, and people will vary wildly over what whether a game is or isn't fun, as will their reasons. Some of the most widely known games are the most simple: go, chess, etc. No storyline or character developement is necessary. The areas of gameplay are simple grid layouts. They are international, unhindered by borders, linguistics, expensive materials, physical limitations, and copyrights. Go and chess have no element of luck beyond perhaps deciding who goes first. As mentioned in this article, they are fun because of the challenge, experience, and satisfaction gained from playing with a closely matched opponent. Each move opens up thousands (millions? trillions?) of others. Other wildly popular games with relatively simple rules and materials yet a vast possibility of moves, such as poker in America and else where, incorporate the possibility of more opponents, an element of luck and pyscological warfare, as well as real risks and rewards. However for other people, and especially with modern games, it takes a much more complex game system to hold their attention. Some of these elements are mentioned in this article. These games often have storylines, expansive visual and audio effects, complex character development, goal and reward driven design, and anywhere from zero to extensive interaction with others. These are generally geared toward entertainment, and occasionally learning, while games geared toward real world productivity are a bit more rare. Some of the best known such games would be categorized as "icebreakers" and "team-building exercises." The main challenge is usually not the stated game goals, but rather to break people out of their normal routine and spend time (aka money) now to create a better work environment for the future. Productivity games are about the people and product, not the game. "These games don't need winners as much as they need players," says Ross Smith. He also mentions score boards a number of times. The score board becomes the avatars of the players, marking their location on the path toward the goal.

Issues

To develop the Devcathlon system presents a number of technical, balancing, and even ethical challenges. While I'll gloss over the technical issues for now, I definitely want to address the other two at this time.

Balancing in games goes on in many different ways in an effort to keep the rules fair to players without being boring. In roleplaying games, stats are balanced so that a certain player does not have a constant advantage over other players. It generally a question of what one activity or ability is worth in comparison to another. Is breaking the build worse than submitting code with no unit testing? If it is worse, by how much? Depends on the nature of the break? I find this balancing issue interesting because I did a similar algorithm for work. In order to identify a person using their name, gender, date of birth, address, and phone number (about as many data points as tracked by Hackystat) I helped develop and test a weighted point based system. The weights weren't simply that a name was more points than gender since it's far more specific. There were many different conditions that would change other points. For example, if comparing two people shows they have the same address, the first name of the people becomes more important than the last name. How many-points-more-important took a lot of testing. While this kind of medical record algorithm is definitely more important to get right than the Devcathlon system, it shows how complex the systems can get to achieve the right result.

An issue that also jumped out to me was more along ethical lines. To be successful, a group using Devcathlon has to make all of their team a part of the reporting. Some people will be more reluctant. Some will be more distracted or nervous that their performance is being tracked in an additional way. Then there is the possibility of cheating, boosting, questional negotions ("Hey, Good Friend Joe, since you don't care much, can you break your team's build, my team's trying to get ahead") and so on. There is also the issue of instant notifications and reporting. I think this has to be controlled from two ends. Administrators of a particular game can control how often notifications are sent out, but players should also be able to only get notifications as often as they want, and of the type they want. Checking your score 20 times a day could be distracting. The system should update constantly, but have customizable updates to the display ranging from real-time to semi-hourly to end of day/week/project. The truely public boards also have to be scrutinized since development projects can differ widely. For example a hall of fame scoreboard could have categories such as team size(eg 5, 20, 100 people), lines of code (eg 10000, 50000, etc), development time frame (2 weeks, 2 years), and so on so that comparisons can be made appropriately. Addressing and testing such issues allow the game to be more widely used and enjoyed.

DueDates 2.0: Herald of Aric 2.0

My final project in Software Engineering is a culmination of the many different techniques and tools I have learned over the last semester. This includes using Eclipse, Ant, Findbugs, Checkstyle, Emma, Hackystat, Hudson, SVN, Wicket, Junit, Google Project Hosting, and something called Java to create DueDates-ulaula 2.0. The project was a team effort from Tyler Wolff, Mari-Lee Flestado, and myself to create a web application with the following features:

• A login page that would make use of an XML file to authenticate users.
• A results page capable of displaying a dynamic list of libraries, based on user data. The page can update and display lists of books due at the users libraries, and can be sorted and filtered.
• An alerts page capable of enabling a process to generate daily email updates for one or more of their libraries.
• Use CSS to create a consistent and pleasant web application.
• Adhere to the three prime directives of open source software engineering: the program accomplishes a useful task, a user can easily install and use the application, and a developer can easily change and extend the functionality of the program.

Our team was able to mostly fulfill these requirements, though there are several areas I would still like to improve in the future. There are "extra credit" features that we were not able to get into, but would be good extensions to implement in the future. It could also use more testing on typical user machines to make sure that the many tools on my computer aren't keeping the program alive even though a user would have problems.

Problems Encountered and Solved

After various administrative tasks, the first problem we encountered was simply deciding between our DueDates 1.2 projects to see which would live on. Though I really like what my own could have been capable of, I did not feel it was quite ready for the task. We end up using Tyler's, DueDates-gold, and it worked out well with minimal changes necessary. This was of course accompanied by the various issues of getting our classpaths set up properly. We also found that as we went along our testing suite became more and more burdensome due to the length of time to complete so some mock-library testing was set up that would be able to exercise most of the code, but skip over the parts that relied on library sites. From there, most issues simply had to do with learning how to properly use wicket features, such as checkboxes, and also various troubles with WicketTester that took some time and team effort to get.

Group Dynamics

Our group worked quite well as a team, though mostly somewhat separately. We met in person just a few times a week to go over planning and design issues, crank out any pressing problems, and get a feel for who would be working on what. We then would be in regular contact through Google Talk. I found it to be generally a better experience than working with only one other person for adding to our breadth of comfort zones and skills. For example, Tyler did almost all of the CSS and layout as he was most skilled and interested that area. I found myself jumping around a lot, perhaps too much, but enjoyed both adding to the code and also keenly looking for problems in the code. More people also meant potentially more conflicts while working on the same code, but luckily the project was of large enough size that this was not too often an issue. I believe we all contributed fairly equally to the project overall, though not necessarily in specific areas. Our Hackystat dev time showed fairly consistent work, especially from Mari. Tyler and I had several days where we didn't work on the project. I know my official time feels a little low, not taking into account my times staring at the code just trying to find an error, or Mari and Tyler's time working outside of eclipse on the wiki guides. And though Mari shows the most dev time, Tyler and I generally built and committed more often. Each one of us has at least one category where we lead by a large margin, which I think shows more of a difference in development style than any overall large difference in effort.

Continuous Integration and Software ICU

During the course of the project we used Hudson and Hackystat to keep continual updates on the health of the project.

This is the final portfolio analysis from Hackystat for the two weeks of development. Overall the health of the project was fairly average, Development and commits took place regularly, though increasingly toward the deadline. Coverage was around 60% through most of the project, but improved near the end, though this was more reactionary and indicated a lack of test driven design, an approach we occasionally used, but often would get forgotten. Our coupling showed a steady rise, but I don't think this was bad considering the larger number of classes necessary compared to previous projects. The statistics are not all-telling, but I did find useful for getting a feel for where the project was at and where it needed to get to.

More to learn

As I continue to grow as a software developer there's definitely some areas I want to improve on. The first is on general design. I want to get better at being able to see just what a class, method, or application is going to need ahead of time so there's less changes to be made later. I also really want to get better at test driven design. I do it in pieces, but too often get sidetracked away from the original intent. However, that which I see I feel is very useful. I also would like to expand in the more social areas of software engineering - specifically improving my leadership skills and also taking more effort to pair program. Many times during this and other projects I would come across (or submit myself) a problem in a commit that I know never would have occurred had I been working directly with that person. Years of working on my own in computer science classes, without many of the tools I now know, and with testing always at the back of my mind rather than the front, makes it difficult to break some of these old habits. However, this project has definitely improved me bit by bit in all of those areas and I look forward to the next leap forward as a software engineer.

Hawaii's high-tech industry: now hiring!

The ICS Industry Presentation

On Thursday, November 20, seven companies local to, or with locations in Hawaii visited UH Manoa to share information about their companies, missions, people, and products. As a student of the university for only about six more months, I'm more motivated than ever to see what Hawaii can use me for, lest I become part of the brain drain to the west coast, which certainly doesn't have as nice weather. Luckily, I was pleasantly surprised by several facets of the presentations and hope to take advantage of the information and networking gleaned from the experience.

Oceanit

Scott from Oceanit started things off with his experiences that lead him to Oceanit. His presentation felt a little fragmented with its terse slides, but was interesting and he is an excited presenter. As with many companies presented, this company feels like a science think-tank, always looking for a great new idea. Also, like many companies, it is closely tied to military contracts which is of interest in today's times with our ongoing conflicts in southwest Asia and a new president and congress coming into power. I spoke with Scott afterwards and he noted that they were mostly looking for people with experience in image processing, which I'm afraid isn't me, but seems like one to keep my eye on.

Alion Sciences

The next presentation was by Darren and Sid of Alion Sciences. Another company with close military ties, they emphasized their experience working on modeling and simulation which was quite interesting. The presentation felt a little disorganized as they tried to share their time and delegate their speaking, but it sounded like an interesting place and they had some really good information to share. It still is impressive to me how close to the rest of the world Hawaii is today, such that meeting with team members across three states and 9000 miles is merely an issue of time zones.

Referentia Systems

From Referentia Systems Inc came a Austin, a recent UH Manoa graduate. Another company looking for great ideas, this was the second company in a row, and not the last, which made me think "Maybe Johnson is right!" Ant, SVN, Junit, test-driven design, etc are no longer complete mysteries to me and I feel like I am developing many of the skills that these companies are looking for. I spoke with Austin afterwards and definitely am going to look into their company some more. Unfortunately, I was "that guy" and managed to leave my freshly printed copies of my resume on my desk that morning!

Datahouse.com

I didn't get a lot of notes for this presentation, or the presenter's name, but I plan to look into it more as database issues are of some interest to me and an important field to experience. The presenter seemed a bit nervous, but knowledgeable of the company.

Camber

Presenting for Camber were David and Kevin who shared information about their First Responder Readiness System. They didn't have a Powerpoint presentation, but were perfectly able to share a lot of information about their company and their experiences with software engineering. Their focus seemed mainly on Ruby on Rails design, which I'm not familiar with, but am sure I can pick up.

Ikouza

I missed the name of the presenter for this presenter, who's company comes out of the Manoa Innovation Center, which I'd heard of, but didn't really know the background of beforehand. While the presentation was interesting itself, the information about the MIC and Act 221 I found to be at least as important to know about.

Concentris

The final presentation was by Larry from Concentris, another MIC related company. They again have military ties, though with a product viable for commercial use. The presentation was well put together, and he even had a sample to pass around. I always find it good to have a solid product at the presentation - that was a good touch.

Thank you to the presenters

My thanks goes out to the presenters who came to see us, and also for the cookies - I was kinda hungry after three hours! I really enjoyed the presentations, and was especially pleased to see that there are companies right here looking for people with the skills that I'm developing. I'm glad I made a good effort to be seen and heard during and after the presentations and hope I left a good impression. A very common thread throughout the presentations was the emphasis on failing is okay! Try, fail, LEARN, repeat, and succeed. That's how great engineers and great products come into existence. They wan't people with good skills, but more importantly a willingness to learn and expand and reapply those skills. I thinking I'm definitely up to the challenge and look forward to proving it very soon.

Show the world how a stack works using wicket.

A stack is a basic structure in the world of computer science. We learn stack implementation early and it pops up (no pun intended) again and again over the years. For the uninitiated, I've created a web application to demonstrate the basics of what a stack does. Implemented using Java and Wicket I present stack-wicket-aricwest. You can download the stack-wicket-aricwest.jar file from the featured downloads. Assuming you have Java 1.6 installed, open a terminal and navigate to the directory you downloaded the jar file too and enter "java -jar stack-wicket-aricwest.jar". This will start the Jetty server. Then open up your favorite browser and navigate to "http://localhost:703/stack-wicket-aricwest/" to begin playing with the stack. You will be able to push (non-empty) strings on to the stack and pop items off the (non-empty) stack. You can also clear the whole stack. A table shows the current contents of the stack.

Challenges

Though a simple application in theory, the challenges of learning a new tool, Wicket, and integrating example and base code into my distribution proved to be a hefty undertaking. All together I probably spent 12-15 hours hacking, debugging, researching, and optimizing. A bit more than expected, but a very rewarding experience. Of course I didn't make it easy on myself: the first thing I did when starting was reconfigure Eclipse to complain about just about every warning possible. This definitely helped me with my code most of the time, though there were a few warnings than I decided to ignore during this project, and some that I turned back off as I felt they did not really apply to my coding standards. Following are some of the challenges I encountered.

Classpath variables: We've gotten a lot of experience with this lately so I only encountered minor problems while getting these set up. Luckily I get a lot of practice because I generally work on two different machines over the course of a project.

PMD hates me: Useful as it is, I was particularly perplexed not by why I was getting warnings, but why the example wicket projects, some of which had the EXACT same code, did not get warnings. I wasn't able to quite figure this out from the pmd build materials, but they are cause for some concern on my part. Specifically in my StackSession where my stack is declared final since I do not actually modify it in that class. But an unmodifiable stack spooks me a bit and I need to figure out the process that allows this to be okay, since my webapp appears to work, or how to deal with this warning like the examples have. Similarly, PMD demands that my Jetty class be made final with a private constructor, which sounds fine... but why does Start.java in my WicketExample04 not get flagged. I'm not sure.

Only one submit per FormTester: This was a bit of a stalling point for me but looking through Google and Wicket in Action revealed that a FormTester is only allowed a single submit. Then it has to be remade. Kind of a pain, but copy-paste isn't hard.

Pick a port, any port: No not that one, it's being used. I definitely need to have a better method for port designation. It also wouldn't hurt, I don't think, for me to be able to specify the port at the command line, which should be a simple fix if needed.

Serialization: Quite simply, I need to review this concept and get a better understanding of why and where it needs to be used, but I was able to get by using examples.

Inner classes: For the most part did not have too much trouble with inner classes, though got caught a couple times by the issue of simply what it does and does not have access to.

Sessions: I'm still a bit fuzzy on these, and whether my application is properly using them. I was able to get separate stacks going using different browsers at the same time, but not with different tabs in the same browser, so not entirely sure if I'm hitting this requirement properly.

Build files: The build files that were cobbled together from various projects had some important differences. My build.xml contained it's own jar target which caused some unexpected results during distribution building. I also changed jar.build.xml to meet the requirements of being able to create the jar file and immediately run it in the same directory. The jar.build.xml actually puts the jar file both in the usual build directory, as well as the base directory. dist.build.xml also cleans up after running jar so that the jar is not including in the distribution.

Cannot pop an empty issues stack

Actually I'm sure there were others too! In any case, these, and dozens of little Wicket bits of learning added up to quite a chunk of time, but a lot of good experience with these tools. Overall, I'm impressed with making a working webapp, but part of me looks at this and thinks web programming can't really be that inefficient, is it?! For example (I think) the stack table gets completely rebuilt each time it changes. Also, it feels a bit dirty having basically my whole program in the StackPage constructor! I was very happy with my testing though. While some was reactionary, I am continuing to make the effort to do test driven design and coding, as I really see how useful it can be in the brief glimmers hiding behind old habits. I also continued to think about version control and continuous integration by creating a repository and diligently trying to always verify (I think I'm addicted to "Build successful") commits and submitting them often.

Due Dates 1.2 - email results and periodic querying now available

The Good

The newest version of Due Dates is now available for public and developer use! Several new changes and additions were made to the system to allow it to output queries to a specified email and also allow the program to sleep in the background and then requery and output results.

Implementing -console was quite trivial. I simply added a boolean flag that would be true if the -console command was encountered and allow printing to go as normal.
Implementing -email was a bit more involved. An email method was created that took an email and smtp server and created a message to send. To create the message, the print method that console was using was rewritten to return a String, rather than printing out. Then that string could be sent in the email message. I had some troubles with setting up the smtp server, not realizing just how that worked. My first test run it went fine, but from then on it wouldn't work, having been flagged as a potential spammer because I was trying to send it through mail.hawaii.edu, rather than my local ISP. After that was figured out, the messages all went through fine. I also had some troubles with the string being created and pmd disagreeing on my style. I ended up including several .append(" \n") with the space included so that pmd would not complain about adding a single character.
The -wakeup option was very satisfying to get working. Initially it had some problems that caused it to create several new DueDate objects each time the timer fired and really showed the weakness of the dependency between the DueDates and Console classes. However some tweaking eliminated the multiple object creating, though it does still perform an extra query in the beginning. Overall I was very excited and happy to see it performing a useful task!

The other thing that I found to be very satisfying is I didn't really have to touch any of the Lender classes. They were self contained enough to not care about the changes and additions going on in DueDates and Console, so that's a good sign!

The Bad

While the basic features were implemented, they are not very well tested. With the current design I found it difficult to test individual methods and classes as much as I would like and this will need some vast improvement. On top of that, my sensor data that I thought was working, apparently is not. It shows very little of my activity in the latest build despite hours of development, and dozens of builds and commits. Unfortunately I didn't realize this until too late to see if I could fix it, since the daily build was done at that point. The daily build was also failing, though the Hudson builds were still usually working. It seems there's a problem with what our test cases expect and what the daily build is doing.

The Ugly

The last week saw a complete breakdown in communication between Daniel Tian and myself. We discussed some design issues a couple times, but we have had disagreement over proper design of the project and tenets of object oriented programming. Busy with other work as well, we did not get much development in for the first several days of the project. I was waiting for him to commit some code changes he had been working on, but they didn't come in for several days, right after I started to begin making changes toward "my direction." Daniel then did some work on the test classes and cleaning up the code structure. Work really didn't begin on the new features until November 16. I began and committed some basic code for the -email method and shortly after Daniel made a slight change to it and that was the last commit I saw. I continued from there to implement the remaining features, working my way around the disagreeable interaction between DueDates and Console class, but not wanting to do a whole new transfer of code to fit my design ideas and cause further confusion of how the code worked. In the end, I got it working and did the wiki updates, but am very unhappy about the design and dependencies between DueDates and Console. It does not feel or look at all elegant and easy to maintain and update, at least to me. We just never were able to solidly hammer out a good design for the project so it's been a continual battle to steer the project in the right direction, and a battle we haven't been facing together. There's still time to get things straight though.

Hackystat and monitoring the "health" of a project

The latest tool being integrated into team orange's development of the Due Dates application is a monitoring tool called Hackystat. It's analogous to a hospital ICU patient monitoring system, but for software development. Various vital signs of a project are regularly recorded through various sensors embedded into developer's IDEs and code repositories. Hackystat can then display trends and latest statistics on the project including statistics on complexity, coupling, testing, lines of code, number of builds, developer time, and others.

assertTrue(this.version.equals(hackystat.getRequirements()))

After a bit of reading up on the material, I started first be setting up my local system to be able to report my usage through my Eclipse IDE, but immediately ran into a rather crippling problem, despite just a few very simple steps. The Hackystat plugin simply would not show up as an option to configure. I readded it several times, a bunch of Eclipse restarts, and a couple computer restarts, and double checked the instructions and my version of Eclipse against the requirements. Later, realizing/told that I was using a older version of Eclipse, 3.3.0, rather than the newer 3.4.0., though Hackystat required only 3.3.0, I installed the upgrade. At that point, Hackystat worked with no problems, so I notified a Hackystat developer about the situation.

Saved again

Having gotten the hard part out of the way, I was able to get start exploring the interaction between my projects and the Hackystat collection tools, which tended to be pretty verbose! At this point my partner had already set up Team Orange's data collection, but I went over it again to make sure everything was in place, which it appeared to be. For the most part the process was smooth but I did get a stuck a couple times with issues in /.hackystat/sensorshell. The first one being, I couldn't figure out where it was. I was a little confused about how it got there, how Hackystat found it, and what I could do about moving it since it was automatically created in a dreaded directory-with-spaces-in-the-name. Then, I seemed to miss the part about setting three variables, but saw the part about if this is your first time you won't need to change anything (else). I was rather perplexed for a time that I could not find the server. Eventually though my partner was able to get me back on track and Hackystat sensors started to pick me up on radar under all of the different build tools.

Our mostly healthy project

After seeing the first build, the project was appearing pretty healthy. Low complexity and coupling, over 80% coverage, though no real work in the last 24 hours. From there, we've gotten to see a few more days of monitoring. Due to some changes with handling, our rather intensive test suite and some design changes, the coverage had dropped off dramatically. Most other stats were healthy, so it's no cause for panic yet, and should pick up soon. I personally haven't had too much opportunity to commit code lately so hoping to get some of that done this weekend, and hammer out some additional details with my partner about our design and testing. I'm optimistic the results will boost our project well into the healthy range, and hopefully no major surgery will be necessary.